World Bank UBI guide

Exploring Universal Basic Income: A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices, World Bank publication overview.

Defines UBI as universal, unconditional cash. Discusses simpler access, fewer targeting errors, stigma, work incentives, costs, and tradeoffs with existing benefits. A universal constituency may support political durability; replacing targeted transfers within a fixed budget can disadvantage poorer recipients.

The guide focuses on low- and middle-income countries.

Informs Universal Basic Income.